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WSJ Article -- Celebrex Causes Death
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| Medication | Quantity | Regular Price | Sale Price |
| 200 mg. | 50 capsules | $225.00 | blank on original |
| 200 mg. | 100 capsules | $400.00 | |
| 200 mg. | 200 capsules | $750.00 |
![[drug]](../images/drug03282002214356.gif)
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On 4/20/99, The Wall Street Journal reported that celecoxib (Celebrexä) has been linked to 10 deaths and 11 cases of gastrointestinal hemorrhages. Five (four men age 45-88 and one woman age 75) of the 10 who died suffered from gastrointestinal bleeding or ulcers. Two deaths were attributed to heart attacks, one to drug interaction and one to kidney disorder. No cause of death was noted in one case.
In an interview, a Food and Drug Administration (FDA) official found it difficult to evaluate the significance of these reports in light of the high number of individuals currently taking Celebrex. Celebrex has been on the market for 13 weeks, and 2.5 million prescriptions have already been dispensed. Robert DeLap, director of the FDA office of drug evaluation, stated that more research is necessary before reaching any conclusions. However, he does not think that Celebrex poses any special risk at this time.
Editorial comment: The case reports of deaths from gastrointestinal hemorrhage in patients on Celebrex are worth noting, but the significance of these findings is unclear. Celebrex has been shown to have a lower GI toxicity profile based on short-term endoscopic studies showing less ulcers and gastric irritation compared to other NSAIDs. However, long term studies of the incidence of clinically significant GI bleeding are still forthcoming. These current reports may point out that Celebrex, while significantly safer that other NSAIDs, will continue to have some GI toxicity. It should be noted that these reports are extremely small in number in comparison to the large number of prescriptions written. Many of these prescriptions are undoubtedly written for patients with a greater risk of GI bleeding, such as the elderly, patients with prior ulcer disease or patients on anticoagulants. Practitioners should continue to use Celebrex with caution in patients with significant risk of GI bleeding.
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Pfizer-Pharmacia Deal Means You'll Hear More of Celebrex
The Hype Machine Is Gearing Up,
But Is Aspirin Still a Better Option? By
RON WINSLOW and SCOTT HENSLEY For patients, the $53 billion merger that would join Pfizer Inc. with Pharmacia Inc. means you will be hearing more pitches for a powerful but controversial pain drug. Celebrex, the blockbuster arthritis pill, is at the center of the deal, and consequently Pfizer is likely to move quickly to try to enhance the medicine's status as the top-selling pain-killer and seventh-most popular prescription drug. Specifically, says Henry McKinnell, Pfizer's chairman and chief executive, the company will press more aggressively what he believes is the drug's major advantage over its biggest competitor, Merck & Co.'s Vioxx: Celebrex hasn't been linked to a risk of any heart problems, while the Merck pill has.
That could mean patients will see a wave of new direct-to-consumer print and television advertising, a strategy that has helped propel Celebrex to the ranks of top-selling drugs world-wide, with some 34 million people taking it since it first came to market three years ago. Pfizer may also focus marketing efforts on doctors. But both Celebrex and Vioxx, members of a class of drugs called COX-2 inhibitors, have a number of critics. Questions have been raised about their safety and risks, and some people believe that most patients would fare just as well with much cheaper generic pills -- including aspirin and ibuprofen -- known as NSAIDs, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. An 8,000 patient study failed to prove that Celebrex, with an average wholesale price of $2.20 per 200 milligram tablet, was better when it comes to stomach side effects than a common NSAID called diclofenac, which sells for pennies a pill. As a result, the Food and Drug Administration won't allow the company to market the pill as a safer alternative to generic medicines. "We didn't get a clear win," Mr. McKinnell acknowledges. Since neither Celebrex nor Vioxx have proven any better at relieving pain than generic painkillers, the main reason for taking them would be to avoid the side effects of the older, cheaper anti-inflammatories. Consequently, Mr. McKinnell says Pfizer aims to demonstrate -- possibly including another trial -- that Celebrex has a better safety profile than NSAIDs, which have been found to cause annoying and occasionally severe stomach problems, such as ulcers, in a minority of patients who use them. Near a Peak? The debate over generics and the recent approval of Bextra, a new COX-2 drug from the Pfizer-Pharmacia team, have led many Wall Street analysts to conclude that Celebrex sales are near their peak. Nonetheless, Mr. McKinnell was already hammering away at Celebrex's virtues Monday, echoing a strategy Pfizer used with another acquired blockbuster, the cholesterol-lowering Lipitor.
"We have to communicate that cardiovascular safety is a critical differentiation between Celebrex and Vioxx," he said in an interview. In response, a spokesman for Merck said that Vioxx has fewer stomach-related side effects than Celebrex or the generic pain remedies. Vioxx "demonstrates a superior gastro-intestinal benefit," he said. Pfizer and Pharmacia already co-market Celebrex with enormous success. It racked up sales of $3.1 billion last year. In a further effort to boost sales, Pfizer and Pharmacia have already laid out an aggressive research program to continue to develop the Celebrex not only for pain, but for cancer and other conditions. They are certain to devote a portion of their combined $7 billion in annual research spending to studies intended to expand its market. Improved Outcome Already, a small study presented in May showed Celebrex improved the outcome for lung cancer patients when given as a "pretreatment" before chemotherapy and surgery. As a result, the company plans to launch a larger trial in lung-cancer patients, one of about 100 trials on the drawing boards for using Celebrex in cancer. Another major effort is in prevention of colon cancer; the drug is already approved as a preventive treatment in patients with a precursor to a rare form of inherited colon cancer. For the longer term, the company is also investigating the drug's potential as a treatment for such problems as atherosclerosis, Lou Gehrig's disease, Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia, and migraine headaches. In each of these conditions, the COX-2 enzyme, the drug's principal target, is present in unusually high amounts -- raising the possibility that blocking the enzyme might be an effective treatment strategy. -- Geeta Anand contributed to this article Write to Ron Winslow at ron.winslow@wsj.com4 and Scott Hensley at scott.hensley@wsj.com5
Updated July 16, 2002 3:55 p.m. EDT
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| Copyright 2002
Dow Jones & Company, Inc. All Rights Reserved Printing, distribution, and use of this material is governed by your Subscription agreement and Copyright laws. For information about subscribing go to http://www.wsj.com |
Celebrex Stomach Problems
Gastrointestinal (GI) Effects - Risk of GI Ulceration, Bleeding, and Perforation: Serious GI toxicity, such as bleeding, ulceration, and perforation of the stomach, small intestine, or large intestine, can occur at any time, with or without warning symptoms, in patients treated with NSAIDs. Minor GI problems, such as dyspepsia, are common and may also occur at any time during NSAID therapy. Therefore, physicians and patients should remain alert for ulceration and bleeding, even in the absence of previous GI tract symptoms. Patients should be informed about the signs and/or symptoms of serious GI toxicity and the steps to take if they occur. Only 1/5 patients who develop a serious upper GI adverse event on NSAID therapy is symptomatic. Upper GI ulcers, gross bleeding or perforation, caused by NSAIDs, appear to occur in approximately 1% of patients treated for 3-6 months, and in about 2%-4% of patients treated for 1 year. These trends continue thus, increasing the likelihood of developing a serious GI event at some time during the course of therapy. However, even short-term therapy is not without risk.
It is unclear, at the present time, how the above rates apply to CELEBREX (see CLINICAL STUDIES - Special studies in the complete prescribing information). Among 5,285 patients who received CELEBREX in controlled clinical trials of 1 to 6 months in duration (most were 3 month studies) at a daily dose of 200 mg or more, 2 (0.04%) experienced serious upper bleeding, at 14 and 22 days after initiation of dosing. Approximately 40% of these 5,285 patients were in studies that required them to be ulcer free by endoscopy at study entry. Thus it is unclear if this study population is representative of the general population. Prospective, long-term studies required to compare the incidence of serious, clinically significant upper GI adverse events in patients taking CELEBREX vs comparator NSAID products have not been performed.
NSAIDS should be prescribed with extreme caution in patients with a prior history of ulcer disease or GI bleeding. Most spontaneous reports of fatal GI events are in elderly or debilitated patients and therefore special care should be taken in treating this population. To minimize the potential risk for and adverse GI event, the lowest effective dose should be used for the shortest possible duration. For high-risk patients, alternate therapies that do not involve NSAID products should be considered.
| Key Drug Pipeline
Databases on Dialog Lesson 4: Adis R&D Insight (File 107) |
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Sample Record from Adis R&D Insight (File 107)
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Celebrex®
A COX-2 specific NSAID for the treatment of osteoarthritis & rheumatoid
arthritis
| TRADE NAME: Celebrex® | Manufacturer: Searle Ltd & Pfizer Ltd |
| Status: PL 08821/0057-58 | Launch date: May 2000 |
| Committee’s Verdict: APPROPRIATE | Anticipated BNF: 10.1.1 |
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Celecoxib is only licensed for the treatment of osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). It is appropriate for GPs to prescribe celecoxib as an alternative to currently available NSAIDs. However prescribers should note that:
Celecoxib does however appear to be associated with a reduced incidence of endoscopic gastroduodenal ulcers. The clinical significance of this is not yet known. Celecoxib is not without risk for gastrointestinal adverse events. |
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